Science and Nuts

from Alpha Beta in Neuroscience to Omega-3 and some leucine Zipper like DSIP,GILZ

  • About
  • The Etiology of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia and Hypoxia

Posted by gdnf on July 12, 2010
Posted in: CO2 Reactivity, Schizophrenia. Tagged: Birth Complications, CAC Inhibitor, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Disulfide, Carbonic Anhydrase, Causes of Schizophrenia, Dopamine, Hypoxia, Obstretic complications, Schizophrenia Epidemiology, Schizophrenia risk, Vascular.

Obstetric complications are probably one of the most oldest known complications suspected to be involved in the preconditioning of Schizophrenia. They seems to be more common in schizophrenia than in the general population (Cannon et al.) and it seems to be an higher risk to predisposed individuals that and obstetric events should occur (Schulze et al.) and that those patients who have suffered obstetric events often seems to have decreased volume of the hippocampus volume (Stefanis et al.). Such early environmental factors may impact on the development of the dopamine system. For example, hippocampal lesions made in neonatal rats result in increased striatal dopamine levels in post-pubertal rats. (Alquicer et al.)  Animal studies indicate that perinatal damage leads to a labile dopaminergic system vulnerable to sensitization. (Moore et al) suggested that developmental disruption of the hippocampus cortex can result in dysregulation of the dopaminergic inputs to the striatum, increasing the response to novelty, mild stress,or psychotomimetics.
When Schmidt and Kastner did a systematic review of the functional enviromics they suggested that more than 50% of genes potentially associated with schizophrenia, particularly AKT1, BDNF, CAPON, CCKAR, CHRNA7, CNR1, COMT, DNTBP1, GAD1, GRM3, IL10, MLC1, NOTCH4, NRG1, NR4A2/NURR1, PRODH, RELN, RGS4, RTN4/NOGO and TNF, are subject to regulation by hypoxia and/or are expressed in the vasculature.

Finally there presence of Carbon Disulfide (CS2) in the exhaled breath from persons with schizophrenia is also a sign in itself since CS2 inhibits the carbonic anhydrase catalysis (CAC) which could make the slow reaction to hypoxia slower. Part 1 in the Hypo-Thesis of Schizophrenia is about CS2.


References

Cannon M, Jones PB, Murray RM (2002). Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: historical and meta-analytic review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1080–1092.

Nicodemus KK, Marenco S, Batten AJ, Vakkalanka R, Egan MF, Straub RE, Weinberger DR. (2008). Serious obstetric complications interact with hypoxia-regulated/vascular-expression genes to influence schizophrenia risk. Mol Psychiatry 13:873–7.

Schmidt-Kastner R, van Os J, Steinbusch HWMS, Schmitz C. (2006). Gene regulation by hypoxia and the neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 84:253–71.

Schulze K, McDonald C, Frangou S, Sham P, Grech A, Toulopoulou T, Walshe M, Sharma T, Sigmundsson T, Taylor M, Murray RM (2003). Hippocampal volume in familial and non-familial schizophrenic probands and their unaffected relatives. Biological Psychiatry, 53(7), 562–570.

Stefanis N, Frangou S, Yakeley J, Sharma T, O’connell P, Morgan K, Sigmundsson T, Taylor M, Murray RM (1999). Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia: effects of genetic risk and pregnancy and birth complications. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 697–702.

 

37.090240 -95.712891

Posts navigation

← Schizophrenia: The smoking hazards and nicotine benefits?
Narcotic Drugs and neurotrophic substances →
  • Pages

    • About
    • The Etiology of Schizophrenia
    • RSS - Posts
  • Drugerelated or Ibogaine Video's

    • Dangers of Methadone
    • Ibogaine – begreppseken Ibogaine video
    • Ibogaine – Veoh
    • Methamphetamine Dangers
  • Non English

    • befrielsen
  • RSS Science and Nuts

    • Sperm quality & Male biological clock – Schizophrenia
      Semen Quality – Paternal age The age of the Father has proved to be another of the factors affecting the likelihood of having children who later develop schizophrenia. A copy of a copy that later on will be copied and so on this is the story about the sperm. And the duplicating errors will probably […]
    • Moving the ADHD history to: adhdhistory.com
        We have transfered the ADHD History to the specialized site: The History of ADHD The ADHD History starts back in 1798 with the first known medical recording of the symptoms by Alexander Crichton. The next part is from 1902 by Sir George F  Still. Pages The History of ADHD part 1: 1798 Alexander Crichton […]
    • Water can Dance
      Water can Dance – And really it does. Quantum theory have long described the importance of the hydrogen binding network but the knowledge have been purely theoretical. Now we can see that water can switch dance partner About once every six picoseconds. And that will be around 160 billion times a second. If the water […]
    • Brain glue can be good to – Glia GDNF
      News from the frontiers of brain science the brain-glue glia is useful. Since just the majority of the cells in your brain is glia cells there might be somewhat useful information to know that the glia is not just about gluing the brain together, glia actually has a very important function to. But the fact […]
    • Is Schizopherenia caused by a substance or lack of a substance?
      1 To little or to much of a substance? Some of the theories of Schizophrenia etiology mention the drug induced hallucinations as a raw-model for Schizophrenia but there is a problem with that – Persons with Schizophrenia doesn’t have these substances in their blood while hallucinating. Some drugs and some medicines might create states that remind […]
    • Haldol – The fastest way to a smaller brain: Questions
      Continued from the fastest way to a smaller brain I Question about Haloperidol The main effects of Haldol is probably the blockade of the Dopamine-2 receptor (D2) Haldol is pretty effective in doing that and there is no daught about that, but in the long run Haldol up-regulates the D2 receptors (2). I can hardly […]
    • The fastest way to get a smaller brain
      If you don’t know how – then you are really stupid Many drugs have together with alcohol been said to destroy brain cells, or decrease the density. That could be true in some cases, but the fastest way to lose brain tissue and cells are not a narcotic drug, it is not alcohol, nor is […]
    • ADHD in Chinese
      如何鉴别ADHD – ADD“注意缺陷多动障碍” 在以下的9个特点中,如果孩子出现的问题占6个,则这个孩子在注意力方面可能有问题。 1、无法集中精力在细节工作,或者在作业、工作或游戏时犯一些粗心的错误。 2、在完成任务或活动中难以保持注意力。 3、直接对话时不注意聆听。 4、不能遵守指令,无法完成学校的作业、家庭事务或者工作责任(原因不是来自故意对抗)。 5、很难组织活动。 6、逃避、不喜欢从事那些需要保持精神集中的任务,或者完成起来十分勉强。 7、丢三落四,如玩具、学校作业、铅笔、书或完成一件工作所需要的工具等。 8、易受外界剌激干扰。 9、日常生活中容易健忘。 ADHD的三个核心症状 l  注意缺陷、多动、冲动。活动过多,缺乏自我控制能力;异乎寻常的注意力不集中、不稳定,情绪不稳,多冲动行为,做事不考虑后果 […]
    • ADHD in ARABIC
      الحالة في تلك الآونة، على سبيل المثال اختلال بسيط في وظائف المخ ) MBD (، ومتلازمة فرط الحركة واضطراب قلة الانتباه وحالة الإعاقة الإدراكية الحركية ) MPH ( ويطلق عليها في الوقت الحالي اضطراب فرط الحركة وقلة الانتباه ADHD( (. يعكس إطلاق العديد من الأسماء على نفس الحالة على مدار السنين حقيقة وجود وجهات نظر […] […]
    • Why Concerta and just not Focalin?
      Flickr ADHD – ADD For reasons unknown to me, Concerta continues to be the main methylphenidate drug while it would in theory creates more adverse effects than the use of a pure d-methylphenidate formulation like the one used in Focalin. The theory behind that is the same as the theory and facts that makes Dexedrine […]
Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com.
Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use.
To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy
  • Follow Following
    • Science and Nuts
    • Already have a WordPress.com account? Log in now.
    • Science and Nuts
    • Customize
    • Follow Following
    • Sign up
    • Log in
    • Copy shortlink
    • Report this content
    • View post in Reader
    • Manage subscriptions
    • Collapse this bar